Emile Durkheim
Emile Durkheim was a Philosopher of France. He was Physics professor. As he was follower of August Comte, he invented a new science named as Social Physics. Durkheim's study focused on Social Solidarity and Social Facts. He is considered by many to be the father of Sociology.
Some of Durkheim's theories are described below.
Theory of Social Facts:-
Durkheim does not focus on individual, as a point of study he takes group as a social fact. He says the existence of group is reality. Its existence is inevitable in human society. No society can come into existence without group life.
If we consider question what is social fact? Durkheim said that the reply is within the society. According to him there are certain facts in social life of man which neither can be described nor can be measured. These are the forces which influence the individual from external to bring internal change. The moral principles, the ways of family and religious ceremonies and the methods of professions are included in the social fact. The study of these facts is an important part of sociology. These facts exist like social currents in the society which are like waves of anger and emotions affecting the individual in crowd.
The pressure of social facts is every time present on the individual till he is a member of the society. It does not influence him from inside but is from outside and forms his morals and etiquette's. The individual lives in society under the pressure of these social facts. Social facts come into existence in the individual. They become patterns of culture and get the shape of a body. Durkheim has called sociology, the study of social facts. He said that social facts are like things.
By this explanation, Durkheim means that individual is a part of society, group and the organization. He is influenced by the cultural norms and morals, conduct and principles which are internalized by him from the society. He is directed by the social facts in his thoughts, works, actions, and other professional techniques. This pressure forces the individual to follow these patterns in life and not to deviate from them. The importance of social facts is clear from this explanation that the cultural, norms and other manners of group life are the guiding principles of the individual and these principles stand like social facts.
Some of Durkheim's theories are described below.
Theory of Social Facts:-
Durkheim does not focus on individual, as a point of study he takes group as a social fact. He says the existence of group is reality. Its existence is inevitable in human society. No society can come into existence without group life.
If we consider question what is social fact? Durkheim said that the reply is within the society. According to him there are certain facts in social life of man which neither can be described nor can be measured. These are the forces which influence the individual from external to bring internal change. The moral principles, the ways of family and religious ceremonies and the methods of professions are included in the social fact. The study of these facts is an important part of sociology. These facts exist like social currents in the society which are like waves of anger and emotions affecting the individual in crowd.
The pressure of social facts is every time present on the individual till he is a member of the society. It does not influence him from inside but is from outside and forms his morals and etiquette's. The individual lives in society under the pressure of these social facts. Social facts come into existence in the individual. They become patterns of culture and get the shape of a body. Durkheim has called sociology, the study of social facts. He said that social facts are like things.
By this explanation, Durkheim means that individual is a part of society, group and the organization. He is influenced by the cultural norms and morals, conduct and principles which are internalized by him from the society. He is directed by the social facts in his thoughts, works, actions, and other professional techniques. This pressure forces the individual to follow these patterns in life and not to deviate from them. The importance of social facts is clear from this explanation that the cultural, norms and other manners of group life are the guiding principles of the individual and these principles stand like social facts.
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