EMILE DURKHEIM
Theory of Social Solidarity
On the basis of division of labor social events occur in society. Durkheim said that a traditional society is Mechanical and an advanced or modern society is Organic in nature. Traditional society has Mechanical solidarity where there is similarity and sharing of common values, cultures and homogeneity in their social life. There is Organic Solidarity in the society, where there is social differentiation in its principles. Mechanical is the solidarity where similar traits are found in society. The society having mechanical solidarity can have traits like those of rural society. Similarity in social life is mostly found in such society, where professions of most of the people are similar. The standard of living is similar and people follow similar traditional customs and rituals. The people in mechanical society have similar attitudes, beliefs and thoughts. On the basis of this similarity, solidarity among the people is found very high.
The society with organic solidarity can be compared with urban society. In urban societies, new customs and fashions are popular. The pace of Social change is fast. The patterns of social interaction differ from group to group. Here the groups are formed on give and take and high level of division of labor and specialization of profession is found. Brotherhood on the basis of mutual help is the main soul of solidarity. The forces of collective conscience are strong in the mechanical society. Organic solidarity is found like urban society. The forces of collective conscience are weak in such society.
This theory of social solidarity is similar to the theory of Al-Asabiya by Ibn-i-Khaldoon. Common things in both the theories is the uniting force found in the group.
Theory of Social Solidarity
On the basis of division of labor social events occur in society. Durkheim said that a traditional society is Mechanical and an advanced or modern society is Organic in nature. Traditional society has Mechanical solidarity where there is similarity and sharing of common values, cultures and homogeneity in their social life. There is Organic Solidarity in the society, where there is social differentiation in its principles. Mechanical is the solidarity where similar traits are found in society. The society having mechanical solidarity can have traits like those of rural society. Similarity in social life is mostly found in such society, where professions of most of the people are similar. The standard of living is similar and people follow similar traditional customs and rituals. The people in mechanical society have similar attitudes, beliefs and thoughts. On the basis of this similarity, solidarity among the people is found very high.
The society with organic solidarity can be compared with urban society. In urban societies, new customs and fashions are popular. The pace of Social change is fast. The patterns of social interaction differ from group to group. Here the groups are formed on give and take and high level of division of labor and specialization of profession is found. Brotherhood on the basis of mutual help is the main soul of solidarity. The forces of collective conscience are strong in the mechanical society. Organic solidarity is found like urban society. The forces of collective conscience are weak in such society.
This theory of social solidarity is similar to the theory of Al-Asabiya by Ibn-i-Khaldoon. Common things in both the theories is the uniting force found in the group.
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